201903050215 Solution to 2008-AL-PHY-IIA-14

Let there be an x-axis passing through points A and B. Let x=0 at point A and x=d at point B.

Now consider an arbitrary point x=r on the x-axis.

The magnitude E_{rA} of electric field strength due to the point charge +Q at point A is

E_{rA} = \bigg|\displaystyle{k\frac{Q}{r^2}}\bigg| = \displaystyle{k\frac{Q}{r^2}},

whereas the magnitude E_{rB} of electric field strength due to the point charge -2Q at point B is

E_{rB}=\bigg| \displaystyle{k\frac{-2Q}{(r-d)^2}}\bigg|=\displaystyle{2k\frac{Q}{(r-d)^2}}.

The point(s) at which E_{rA}=E_{rB} is found by solving for r:

\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{k\frac{Q}{r^2}} & = \displaystyle{2k\frac{Q}{(r-d)^2}}\\ (r-d)^2 & = 2r^2 \\ r^2-2rd+d^2 & = 2r^2 \\ 0 & = r^2 +2rd -d^2 \\ r & = \displaystyle{\frac{-2d\pm \sqrt{(2d)^2-4(1)(-d^2)}}{2(1)}} \\ & = -d\pm \sqrt{2}d \end{aligned}

There are two points x=-d+\sqrt{2}d and x=-d-\sqrt{2}d at which E_A=E_B.

The necessary and sufficient condition for \mathbf{E}_{A}+\mathbf{E}_{B}=\mathbf{0} is that they are equal in magnitude: E_{A}=E_{B} and opposite in sign: \mathbf{E}_A=-\mathbf{E}_B,

i.e.,

\mathbf{E}_{A}+\mathbf{E}_{B}=\mathbf{0}

\Leftrightarrow

i. E_{A}=E_{B} and ii. the directions of \mathbf{E}_{A} and \mathbf{E}_{B} are opposite to each other.

Suffice it to check whether \mathbf{E}_A and \mathbf{E}_B at the above-mentioned two points are in opposite direction.

The first candidate x=-d+\sqrt{2}d, where 0<x<d, is in between point A and point B. If a positive test charge were placed there, both the electric field strength \mathbf{E}_A due to +Q at A and \mathbf{E}_B due to -2Q at B would point to the right. That is, this point fails to meet our requirement ii.

The second candidate x=-d-\sqrt{2}d, where -2d<x<0, is to the left of point A. If a positive test charge were placed at x, the electric field strength \mathbf{E}_A there due to +Q at A would point to the left. Whereas the electric field strength \mathbf{E}_B there due to -2Q at B would point to the right.

We conclude that the resultant electric field strength is zero at only one point, i.e., the point x=-d-\sqrt{2}d.

And the answer is C.